क्रियात्मक समूह

कार्बनिक रसायन में, कवनो अणु में उपस्थित परमाणुन् या बन्धन् कय अइसन विशिष्ट समूह जवन उ कार्बनिक यौगिक कय रासायनिक गुणन् कय निर्धारण करत अहै,ओका प्रकार्यात्मक समूह या क्रियात्मक समूह (फंक्शनल ग्रुप) कहत हैं ।

बेंजिल एसिटेट में इस्टर प्रकार्यात्मक समूह (केसरिया घेरा में) है।

प्रमुख प्रकार्यात्मक समूहन् कय सुची

हाइड्रोकार्बन

रासायनिक वर्ग	समूह	सूत्र	संरचनात्मक सूत्र	उपसर्ग (Prefix)	प्रत्यय (Suffix)	उदाहरण
Alkane	Alkyl	R(CH2)nH		alkyl-	-ane	Ethane
Alkene	Alkenyl	R2C=CR2		alkenyl-	-ene	Ethylene (Ethene)
Alkyne	Alkynyl	RC≡CR'		alkynyl-	-yne	Acetylene (Ethyne)
Benzene derivative	Phenyl	RC6H5 RPh		phenyl-	-benzene	Cumene (2-phenylpropane)
Toluene derivative	Benzyl	RCH2C6H5 RBn		benzyl-	1-(substituent)toluene	Benzyl bromide (α-Bromotoluene)

हाइड्रोजन वाले प्रकार्यात्मक समूह

रासायनिक वर्ग	समूह	सूत्र	संरचनात्मक सूत्र	उपसर्ग (Prefix)	प्रत्यय (Suffix)	उदाहरण
haloalkane	halo	RX		halo-	alkyl halide	Chloroethane (Ethyl chloride)
fluoroalkane	fluoro	RF		fluoro-	alkyl fluoride	Fluoromethane (Methyl fluoride)
chloroalkane	chloro	RCl		chloro-	alkyl chloride	Chloromethane (Methyl chloride)
bromoalkane	bromo	RBr		bromo-	alkyl bromide	Bromomethane (Methyl bromide)
iodoalkane	iodo	RI		iodo-	alkyl iodide	Iodomethane (Methyl iodide)

आक्सीजन वाले प्रकार्यात्मक समूह

रासायनिक वर्ग	समूह	सूत्र	संरचनात्मक सूत्र	उपसर्ग (Prefix)	प्रत्यय (Suffix)	उदाहरण
Alcohol	Hydroxyl	ROH		hydroxy-	-ol	Methanol
Ketone	Carbonyl	RCOR'		-oyl- (-COR') or oxo- (=O)	-one	Butanone (Methyl ethyl ketone)
Aldehyde	Aldehyde	RCHO		formyl- (-COH) or oxo- (=O)	-al	Acetaldehyde (Ethanal)
Acyl halide	Haloformyl	RCOX		carbonofluoridoyl- carbonochloridoyl- carbonobromidoyl- carbonoiodidoyl-	-oyl halide	Acetyl chloride (Ethanoyl chloride)
Carbonate	Carbonate estere	ROCOOR		(alkoxycarbonyl)oxy-	alkyl carbonate	Triphosgene (bis(trichloromethyl) carbonate)
Carboxylate	Carboxylate	RCOO−		carboxy-	-oate	Sodium acetate (Sodium ethanoate)
Carboxylic acid	Carboxyl	RCOOH		carboxy-	-oic acid	Acetic acid (Ethanoic acid)
Ester	Ester	RCOOR'		alkanoyloxy- or alkoxycarbonyl	alkyl alkanoate	Ethyl butyrate (Ethyl butanoate)
Methoxy	Methoxy	ROCH3		methoxy-
Hydroperoxide	Hydroperoxy	ROOH		hydroperoxy-	alkyl hydroperoxide	tert-Butyl hydroperoxide
Peroxide	Peroxy	ROOR		peroxy-	alkyl peroxide	Di-tert-butyl peroxide
Ether	Ether	ROR'		alkoxy-	alkyl ether	Diethyl ether (Ethoxyethane)
Hemiacetal	Hemiacetal	RCH(OR')(OH)		alkoxy -ol	-al alkyl hemiacetal
Hemiketal	Hemiketal	RC(ORʺ)(OH)R'		alkoxy -ol	-one alkyl hemiketal
Acetal	Acetal	RCH(OR')(OR")		dialkoxy-	-al dialkyl acetal
Ketal (or Acetal)	Ketal (or Acetal)	RC(ORʺ)(OR‴)R'		dialkoxy-	-one dialkyl ketal
Orthoester	Orthoester	RC(OR')(ORʺ)(OR‴)		trialkoxy-
Heterocycle	Methylenedioxy	PhOCOPh		methylenedioxy-	-dioxole	1,2-Methylenedioxybenzene (1,3-Benzodioxole)
Orthocarbonate ester	Orthocarbonate ester	C(OR)(OR')(ORʺ)(OR″)		tetralkoxy-	tetraalkyl orthocarbonate

नाइट्रोजन वाले प्रकार्यात्मक समूह

रासायनिक वर्ग	समूह	सूत्र	संरचनात्मक सूत्र	उपसर्ग (Prefix)	प्रत्यय (Suffix)	उदाहरण
Amide	Carboxamide	RCONR2		carboxamido- or carbamoyl-	-amide	Acetamide (Ethanamide)
Amines	Primary amine	RNH2		amino-	-amine	Methylamine (Methanamine)
	Secondary amine	R2NH		amino-	-amine	Dimethylamine
	Tertiary amine	R3N		amino-	-amine	Trimethylamine
	4° ammonium ion	R4N+		ammonio-	-ammonium	Choline
Imine	Primary ketimine	RC(=NH)R'		imino-	-imine
	Secondary ketimine	RC(=NR)R'		imino-	-imine
	Primary aldimine	RC(=NH)H		imino-	-imine	Ethanimine
	Secondary aldimine	RC(=NR')H		imino-	-imine
Imide	Imide	(RCO)2NR'		imido-	-imide	Succinimide (Pyrrolidine-2,5-dione)
Azide	Azide	RN3		azido-	alkyl azide	Phenyl azide (Azidobenzene)
Azo compound	Azo (Diimide)	RN2R'		azo-	-diazene	Methyl orange (p-dimethylamino-azobenzenesulfonic acid)
Cyanates	Cyanate	ROCN		cyanato-	alkyl cyanate	Methyl cyanate
	Isocyanate	RNCO		isocyanato-	alkyl isocyanate	Methyl isocyanate
Nitrate	Nitrate	RONO2		nitrooxy-, nitroxy-	alkyl nitrate	Amyl nitrate (1-nitrooxypentane)
Nitrile	Nitrile	RCN		cyano-	alkanenitrile alkyl cyanide	Benzonitrile (Phenyl cyanide)
	Isonitrile	RNC		isocyano-	alkaneisonitrile alkyl isocyanide	Methyl isocyanide
Nitrite	Nitrosooxy	RONO		nitrosooxy-	alkyl nitrite	Isoamyl nitrite (3-methyl-1-nitrosooxybutane)
Nitro compound	Nitro	RNO2		nitro-		Nitromethane
Nitroso compound	Nitroso	RNO		nitroso- (Nitrosyl-)		Nitrosobenzene
Pyridine derivative	Pyridyl	RC5H4N		4-pyridyl (pyridin-4-yl) 3-pyridyl (pyridin-3-yl) 2-pyridyl (pyridin-2-yl)	-pyridine	Nicotine

गंधक वाले प्रकार्यात्मक समूह

रासायनिक वर्ग	समूह	सूत्र	संरचनात्मक सूत्र	उपसर्ग (Prefix)	प्रत्यय (Suffix)	उदाहरण
Thiol	Sulfhydryl	RSH		sulfanyl- (-SH)	-thiol	Ethanethiol
Sulfide (Thioether)	Sulfide	RSR'		substituent sulfanyl- (-SR')	di(substituent) sulfide	(Methylsulfanyl)methane (prefix) or Dimethyl sulfide (suffix)
Disulfide	Disulfide	RSSR'		substituent disulfanyl- (-SSR')	di(substituent) disulfide	(Methyldisulfanyl)methane (prefix) or Dimethyl disulfide (suffix)
Sulfoxide	Sulfinyl	RSOR'		-sulfinyl- (-SOR')	di(substituent) sulfoxide	(Methanesulfinyl)methane (prefix) or Dimethyl sulfoxide (suffix)
Sulfone	Sulfonyl	RSO2R'		-sulfonyl- (-SO2R')	di(substituent) sulfone	(Methanesulfonyl)methane (prefix) or Dimethyl sulfone (suffix)
Sulfinic acid	Sulfino	RSO2H		sulfino- (-SO2H)	-sulfinic acid	2-Aminoethanesulfinic acid
Sulfonic acid	Sulfo	RSO3H		sulfo- (-SO3H)	-sulfonic acid	Benzenesulfonic acid
Thiocyanate	Thiocyanate	RSCN		thiocyanato- (-SCN)	substituent thiocyanate	Phenyl thiocyanate
	Isothiocyanate	RNCS		isothiocyanato- (-NCS)	substituent isothiocyanate	Allyl isothiocyanate
Thione	Carbonothioyl	RCSR'		-thioyl- (-CSR') or sulfanylidene- (=S)	-thione	Diphenylmethanethione (Thiobenzophenone)
Thial	Carbonothioyl	RCSH		methanethioyl- (-CSH) or sulfanylidene- (=S)	-thial

फॉस्फोरस वाले प्रकार्यात्मक समूह

रासायनिक वर्ग	समूह	सूत्र	संरचनात्मक सूत्र	उपसर्ग (Prefix)	प्रत्यय (Suffix)	उदाहरण
Phosphine (Phosphane)	Phosphino	R3P		phosphanyl-	-phosphane	Methylpropylphosphane
Phosphonic acid	Phosphono	RP(=O)(OH)2		phosphono-	substituent phosphonic acid	Benzylphosphonic acid
Phosphate	Phosphate	ROP(=O)(OH)2		phosphonooxy- or O-phosphono- (phospho-)	substituent phosphate	Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (suffix)
						O-Phosphonocholine (prefix) (Phosphocholine)
Phosphodiester	Phosphate	HOPO(OR)2		[(alkoxy)hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy- or O-[(alkoxy)hydroxyphosphoryl]-	di(substituent) hydrogen phosphate or phosphoric acid di(substituent) ester	DNA
						O‑[(2‑Guanidinoethoxy)hydroxyphosphoryl]‑खाँचा:Smallcaps‑serine (prefix) (Lombricine)

बोरॉन वाले प्रकार्यात्मक समूह

रासायनिक वर्ग	समूह	सूत्र	संरचनात्मक सूत्र	उपसर्ग (Prefix)	प्रत्यय (Suffix)	उदाहरण
Boronic acid	Borono	RB(OH)2		Borono-	substituent boronic acid	Phenylboronic acid
Boronic ester	Boronate	RB(OR)2		O-[bis(alkoxy)alkylboronyl]-	substituent boronic acid di(substituent) ester
Borinic acid	Borino	R2BOH		Hydroxyborino-	di(substituent) borinic acid
Borinic ester	Borinate	R2BOR		O-[alkoxydialkylboronyl]-	di(substituent) borinic acid substituent ester	Diphenylborinic acid 2-aminoethyl ester (2-Aminoethoxydiphenyl borate)